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The creation of modern Portland cement is a multi-stage and complex process. Although not all stages need to be completed at one location, each stage is necessary for the ultimate creation of the final Portland cement product. In general, Portland cement is made by heating limestone with small quantities ofother materials such as clay to 1450°C in a kiln.
The resulting hard substance, called clinker, is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder tomake ordinary Portland Cement, the most commonly used type of cement. The principal raw materials used in the production of Portland cement are limestone which is the primary component of clinker and clay. Other raw materials include gypsum, blast furnace slag, sand, shale, iron ore and copper slag. Coal is the principal fuel used to provide the necessary heat for the kilns, while electricity is the main source of energy throughout the entire production process. |
